Geotechnical Investigation

Summary

A geotechnical investigation is a detailed evaluation of subsurface soil, rock and groundwater conditions that supports land development, remediation and regulatory compliance. By delivering the data required for safe design and due diligence, it is a vital step for environmental consultants, developers and regulators.

Definition

A geotechnical investigation is a systematic process of assessing the subsurface conditions of a site—soil, rock, groundwater and geological features—to inform engineering design, environmental risk management and compliance.

Why It Matters‍

In the Australian environmental consulting, land remediation and compliance landscape, a geotechnical investigation underpins sound decision-making. Whereas a typical environmental site assessment (e.g., an Environmental Site Assessment or Detailed Site Investigation) focuses on chemical, biological or ecological risks, the geotechnical investigation focuses on the physical and mechanical behaviour of the ground itself.

For developers, land-owners and regulators, the investigation:

• clarifies soil bearing capacity, potential settlement, liquefaction or slope stability risks that affect foundations, retaining structures and earthworks.
  
  
• informs the suitability of site fill or imported fill, especially on redevelopment of previously used or remediated land (which is a common scenario in contaminated-land redevelopments).
  
  
• enables remediation and environmental solutions (such as engineered capping or structural separation) to be designed in harmony with geotechnical constraints.
  
  
• assists in fulfilling statutory requirements under state planning acts (e.g., the Environmental Planning & Assessment Act 1979 in NSW) and in meeting guidance issued by agencies such as the NSW Environment Protection Authority or equivalent in other jurisdictions.
  
  
• reduces risks of project delays, cost-overruns and non-compliance by integrating geotechnical risk management into early stages of planning.
  
  

By performance of a geotechnical investigation, the project team demonstrates environmental due diligence, supports approval pathways and improves confidence in design and remediation strategies.

When It’s Required

A geotechnical investigation is typically required in the following scenarios:

• When a development application involves significant earthworks, structural foundations (piling, raft slabs), retaining walls or changes in ground level.
  
  
• In redevelopment sites where previous uses (e.g., industrial, fill importation, remediation works) may have altered subsurface conditions and the structural behaviour of soils is uncertain.
  
  
• Where on-site or imported fill is proposed for reuse and must be demonstrated as geotechnically suitable (in addition to any contamination evaluation).
  
  
• When remediation strategies (for example through our Remediation Action Plan) involve engineered capping, encapsulation, structural installation or load-bearing layers and need integrated geotechnical design.
  
  
• Under planning consent conditions or environmental authority conditions requiring ongoing monitoring of site movement, slope stability or groundwater-soil interactions.
  
  
• In situations where the regulatory authority or certifier mandates geotechnical assessment as part of the approval, for example where site is within a landslip or liquefaction-prone zone, or coastal acid-sulfate soils may affect structural design.
  
  

By understanding these triggers, environmental professionals, consultants and developers ensure that this critical investigation is incorporated at the right stage and avoids unplanned risk.

How We Can Help

At Nova Group Pacific, our integrated consulting team delivers both environmental and geotechnical expertise, helping you streamline investigations, compliance and design outcomes. Our services include:

• Geotechnical Engineering Services

• ‍Environmental & Geotechnical Drilling Services

• Environmental Site Assessments and Remediation Support, which integrate subsurface geotechnical findings with contamination and risk management workflows.
  

By embedding a structured geotechnical investigation into your project early, you align with best practice due diligence, demonstrate strong environmental compliance intent and enable practical design and remediation pathways. Let Nova Group Pacific support you in delivering ground-investigation, environmental assessment and compliance monitoring—all under one roof.

Related Terms and Concepts

• Geotechnical Report – the deliverable produced following a geotechnical investigation, containing findings and recommendations.

• Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) – the preliminary environmental assessment of contamination and land use history

• Detailed Site Investigation (DSI) – a deeper exploration of contamination and environmental risk, often paired with geotechnical work.
  

• Soil & Waste Classification – the process of classifying soils for reuse or disposal, often reliant on geotechnical and contamination data.

• Remediation Action Plan (RAP) – the remediation strategy for contaminated land, which may reference geotechnical constraints.